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The following information was extracted from the book:
W Obronie
Lwowa i wschodnich Kresow - Polegli od 1-go
Listopda 1918 Do 30-go Czerwca 1919 R. published in Lwow 1926, which translated is:
In Defense of Lwow and the Eastern Borderlands - Those Who Died
from 1 November 1918 to 30 June 1919
is provided as a public service by
PolishRoots who makes no claim about the accuracy of the
information or takes any stand on the political views expressed in
the article. PolishRoots would like to provide some context
surrounding the events taking place in Galicia at the time the
article below was written.
With the fall of the Hapsburg Empire in
November 1918 a state called the West Ukrainian People's Republic
(known in Ukrainian as the ZUNR) was established by ethnic
Ukrainians. The ZUNR claimed sovereignty over eastern Galicia,
Bukovyna and Transcarpathia, plus what are now the Polish
territories of Peremyshyl, Kholm, Pidlachia and the Lemko region (a
maximum definition of ethnographic Ukraine)1. The
Poles also declared their independence in November 1918 which lead
to a conflict with the Ukrainians that was won by the Poles in July
19192.
For more information about these tumultuous
times, see Chapter 7, of 1,2 The Ukrainians: unexpected
nation, by Andrew Wilson (Yale University Press, 2000).
The following list is compiled from data in the chapter entitled:
The Martyrs of Zloczów
by Wanda Mazanowska
Who writes,
November 22nd, 1918, ie. the day of expulsions of Ukrainians from Lwow,
is connected with the signal for revengeful retaliation by the enemy and
starts the terrible martyrdom record of Poles in Zloczów and neighboring
counties [powiat].
On that day, the Ukrainian authorities ordered the emptying of the prison
in the Sobieski castle where criminals had been kept by the Austrians.
During the night of November 23rd/24th, at nine o'clock at night,
the roundup of Poles started in the dark. Patrols of four armed soldiers
with an officer were breaking into homes, dragging often already sleeping Poles
out of their beds and taking them to the castle. By 2 am two large prison
cells were full - 73 people were arrested.
In the morning of November 24th and on the following days the arrests
continued. Many landowners, peasants, clerks, priests, state officials,
high school pupils and university students were brought to the prison
in Zloczów. The castle prison was soon full and the high school [gimnazjum]
building, with the Sokól and Kosciuszko dormitory had to be used as well.
The arrests were ordered by the Ukrainian civil authorities, blaming
the army for them. A Ukrainian officer, when asked on whose order he acted, said that it was the order of the Ukrainian National Committee.
The reasons for arresting were trivial: open admission of being Polish,
lending money to Poles who had been dismissed from work and had no means, etc.
Those arrested were told they would be out on bail. The bails were very high
(tens of thousands of crowns) and never returned to anyone. So the purpose
of the arrests was - besides increasing the hatred - to improve the state
of the Ukrainian treasury with ready money, which was always needed,
as well as driving Poles to despair which, however, was unsuccessful.
We are giving the list of the arrested, many of whom were kept in prison
until the Polish relief arrived on May 27th, 1919.
To share or request more information, contact Dr.
Paul Valasek
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